Analisis Wacana Kritis Teun A Van Dijk pada Kumpulan Lagu Efek Rumah Kaca
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi counter wacana terhadap wacana kekuasaan serta menganalisis posisi wacana dalam tiga lirik lagu karya Efek Rumah Kaca yang berjudul Seperti Rahim Ibu, Kita yang Purba, dan Heroik. Objek material penelitian ini adalah tiga lirik lagu tersebut yang diunggah pada saluran YouTube Efek Rumah Kaca Official. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah Analisis Wacana Kritis model Teun A. van Dijk yang membagi wacana ke dalam tiga dimensi: teks, kognisi sosial, dan konteks sosial. Metode penelitian bersifat kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode dengar dan simak terhadap ketiga lirik lagu, dilanjutkan dengan studi kepustakaan untuk mengumpulkan sumber-sumber yang relevan. Teknik analisis data mengacu pada tiga dimensi van Dijk: struktur makro (tematik), superstruktur (skematik), dan struktur mikro (semantik, sintaksis, stilistik, retoris), serta analisis kognisi sosial dan konteks sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga lirik lagu tersebut mengandung counter wacana terhadap wacana kekuasaan. Lirik Seperti Rahim Ibu mengangkat tema kemanusiaan dan harapan akan negara yang mampu memberikan rasa aman layaknya rahim ibu. Lirik Kita yang Purba mengkritik modernitas yang membuat manusia kehilangan jati diri dan nilai kemanusiaan. Lirik Heroik menyindir sikap heroik palsu para politisi dan publik figur yang hanya mengejar pencitraan. Ketiga lirik ini menempatkan diri sebagai wacana perlawanan simbolik terhadap kekuasaan yang manipulatif, serta membangun kesadaran kritis masyarakat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa musik, khususnya lirik lagu, berfungsi sebagai instrumen kritik sosial dan perlawanan simbolik terhadap kekuasaan, sekaligus sarana pembentuk kesadaran kolektif akan pentingnya nilai kemanusiaan, identitas diri, dan ketulusan.
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