Struktur Wacana dan Pola Naratif dalam Karang Mindu: Analisis Teks Sastra Tulis Beraksara Incung Kerinci
Abstract
Karang Mindu merupakan sastra ratapan tradisional masyarakat Kerinci yang ditulis dalam aksara Incung setempat pada bilah bambu. Berbeda dengan naskah tembo yang bersifat historiografis, Karang Mindu merekam kesedihan pribadi penulisnya atas cinta yang tak terbalas atau nasib yang malang, yang diungkapkan melalui bahasa kias Melayu-Kerinci. Meskipun beberapa penelitian telah mentransliterasi teks-teks Karang Mindu dan menafsirkan maknanya, belum ada yang secara sistematis mengkaji bagaimana ratapan tersebut disusun secara wacana atau bagaimana alur naratifnya terbentuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan struktur wacana dan pola naratif Karang Mindu dengan menganalisis dua teks yang telah ditransliterasi sebelumnya: naskah koleksi Bachtiar Anif Siulak dan naskah TK. 182 dari Mendapo Kemantan. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan desain penelitian kepustakaan, kedua teks tersebut dikaji melalui kerangka superstruktur wacana Van Dijk, yang membagi teks menjadi bagian pembuka, isi, dan penutup. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua naskah memiliki struktur skematik tiga bagian yang konsisten: pembuka berupa rumus bismillah disertai identifikasi diri penulis, isi yang mengungkapkan keluh kesah atas nasib yang tak terpenuhi—baik dalam hal percintaan maupun kesulitan ekonomi selama merantau—dan penutup yang menawarkan harapan, kepasrahan, atau pantun yang ditujukan kepada kekasih. Secara naratif, teks-teks tersebut mengikuti pola orientasi-komplikasi-resolusi yang khas bagi sastra ratapan konfesional, sejalan dengan tradisi andung masyarakat Batak Mandailing dan tradisi bandung masyarakat Lampung. Temuan ini menempatkan Karang Mindu sebagai genre tersendiri dalam sastra ratapan Melayu dengan konvensi tekstual yang mapan, meskipun keberlangsungan pewarisannya kini terancam punah.
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