Analisis Lanskap Linguistik Kota Sorong: Kebijakan Bahasa dan Dinamika Bahasa di Papua Barat Daya
Abstract
Penelitian ini mengkaji lanskap linguistik (LL) Kota Sorong, ibu kota provinsi baru Papua Barat Daya, dengan fokus pada bagaimana bahasa Indonesia, bahasa Inggris, bahasa asing, dan bahasa daerah—khususnya bahasa Moi—berkompetisi dan hidup berdampingan pada penanda di ruang publik. Dengan menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif yang diperkuat analisis kuantitatif sederhana, penelitian ini mengumpulkan 80 tanda fotografi dari empat zona strategis. Data dianalisis menggunakan teori fungsi informasional-simbolik Landry dan Bourhis (1997), aktor tanda top-down/bottom-up Ben-Rafael et al. (2006), serta kebijakan bahasa Shohamy dan Gorter (2009). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penanda monolingual mendominasi (51,25%), diikuti oleh bilingual (37,5%) dan multilingual (11,25%), dengan bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa tunggal yang paling banyak muncul, disusul oleh bahasa Inggris. Tanda-tanda yang dibuat oleh pemerintah (top-down) umumnya patuh terhadap UU No. 24 Tahun 2009 dan Perpres No. 63 Tahun 2019 dengan mengutamakan bahasa Indonesia, sementara tanda-tanda komersial milik swasta (bottom-up) lebih sering menggunakan bahasa Inggris dan bahasa asing lain untuk membangun citra modern dan menarik konsumen. Bahasa Moi hadir pada beberapa tanda tetapi tidak muncul secara mandiri dan cenderung disandingkan dengan bahasa Indonesia sehingga menunjukkan rendahnya visibilitas bahasa lokal di ruang publik. Temuan ini mengungkap adanya kesenjangan antara kebijakan bahasa nasional dan praktik penggunaan bahasa di masyarakat, terutama di sektor komersial dan pariwisata, serta menegaskan perlunya tata kelola bahasa yang lebih kuat untuk melindungi bahasa lokal di tengah transformasi administratif dan urban Kota Sorong yang berlangsung cepat.
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